Alternative methods for the replacement of eye irritation testing

Alternative methods for the replacement of eye irritation testing.

In the last decades significant regulatory attempts were made to replace, refine and reduce animal testing to assess the risk of consumer products for the human eye. As the original in vivo Draize eye test has been criticized for limited predictivity, costs and ethical issues, several animal-free test methods have been developed to categorize substances according to the global harmonized system...

Alternative methods for skin irritation testing: the current status.

The potential for chemicals to cause skin corrosion or skin irritation is an important consideration in establishing procedures for the safe handling, packing and transport of chemicals. The determination of skin corrosion and irritation potential is therefore included in international regulatory requirements for the testing of chemicals. The standard approach used involves applying the test ma...

Application of Alternative Methods in the Regulatory Assessment of Chemical Safety Related to Human Eye Irritation & Severe Eye Irritation

Update on the Colipa research programme for development of in vitro alternative methods for eye irritation

The COLIPA eye irritation programme for development of in vitro eye irritation assays incorporates integrated research projects and collaborative activities with external partners. The research projects focus on understanding mechanisms of eye injury and identification of new in vitro endpoints more predictive of the in vivo human response to chemical injury resulting in new or improved in vitr...

conditional copula-garch methods for value at risk of portfolio: the case of tehran stock exchange market

ارزش در معرض ریسک یکی از مهمترین معیارهای اندازه گیری ریسک در بنگاه های اقتصادی می باشد. برآورد دقیق ارزش در معرض ریسک موضوع بسیارمهمی می باشد و انحراف از آن می تواند موجب ورشکستگی و یا عدم تخصیص بهینه منابع یک بنگاه گردد. هدف اصلی این مطالعه بررسی کارایی روش copula-garch شرطی در برآورد ارزش در معرض ریسک پرتفویی متشکل از دو سهام می باشد و ارزش در معرض ریسک بدست آمده با روشهای سنتی برآورد ارزش د...